Plants: to 2.3 cm, yellow-green, olive green, or brownish. Stem: leaves linear- to elongate-lanceolate; margins entire; apex short-acuminate or apiculate. : Specialized asexual reproduction by elliptic gemmae, of 3–5 cells, longitudinal septa absent.

Trunks of trees, rock. low to moderate elevations. Alta., B.C., N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Ariz., Calif., Mass., Mich., Mo., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., Oreg., Tenn., Va., Wash., Wis., Mexico, Europe, n Asia, n Africa. Discussion.