Consortium of Bryophyte Herbaria - Orthotrichum strangulatum

Orthotrichum strangulatum P. Beauv.
Family: Orthotrichaceae strangulate orthotrichum moss [Orthotrichum cupulatum var. parvulum (Mitt.) Sull., more] Wayne Lampa	Flora of North America Resources Dale H. Vitt in FNA Volume 28 Orthotrichum strangulatum Plants: 0.4–1 cm. Stem: leaves stiff, erect when dry, ovate- to oblong-lanceolate, 2–2.7 mm; margins thick to near apex, entire; apex acute to ± narrowly obtuse; basal laminal cells quadrate to rectangular, walls thin, not nodose; distal cells 7–12 µm, 1-stratose, occasionally with 2-stratose streaks, papillae 2 or 3 per cell, conic, sometimes 2-fid, size moderate; marginal cells 2–3(–7)-stratose. : Specialized asexual reproduction absent. Sexual: condition gonioautoicous. Seta: to 0.8 mm. Capsule: immersed to 1/2 emergent, oblong-ovate to oblong, 1.1–1.8 mm, distinctly 8-ribbed, constricted below mouth when dry; stomata immersed; peristome single, rarely double; prostome present; exostome teeth 16, incurved-erect to spreading-recurved, granulose or reticulate-papillose; endostome segments absent or rarely 8, not well developed, of 1 row of cells, short, smooth. Calyptra: oblong-conic, smooth, hairy, hairs papillose. Spores: 12–16 µm. Dry, exposed, calcareous or dolomite bluffs, rock faces. low to moderate elevations (150-700 m). Man., Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Minn., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va. The Orthotrichum strangulatum complex contains three species, all endemic to eastern and central North America. These three species all occur as blackish, dense tufts on dry calcareous rock and have similar sporophytes with immersed, oblong, deeply 8-ribbed capsules that are strongly constricted below the mouth when dry. The stomata are found in the distal capsule nearly covered by subsidiary cells, and the endostome segments are fragile. Although often described as one polymorphic species, here plants with 1-stratose, revolute margins are recognized as O. lescurii, those with 1-stratose, plane margins as O. parvulum, and those with multistratose leaf margins as O. strangulatum.
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