Consortium of Bryophyte Herbaria - Orthotrichum stellatum

Orthotrichum stellatum Brid.
Family: Orthotrichaceae stellate orthotrichum moss [Orthotrichum braunii Bruch & Schimp.] Wayne Lampa	Flora of North America Resources Dale H. Vitt in FNA Volume 28 Orthotrichum stellatum Plants: 0.3–0.8 cm. Stem: leaves stiff, loosely erect-appressed when dry, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 1.8–2.2 mm; margins recurved to just below apex, entire; apex narrowly obtuse to bluntly acute, not incurved when dry; basal laminal cells rectangular, walls thin, nodose toward costa; distal cells 8–13 µm, 1-stratose, lumina irregular due to uneven wall thickenings, smooth or papillae 1–3 per cell, conic, small. : Specialized asexual reproduction by gemmae on abaxial surface of leaves. Sexual: condition gonioautoicous. Vaginula: with hairs absent. Seta: 0.4–1 mm. Capsule: emergent, oblong-cylindric and strangulate when dry, 0.4–1 mm, 8-ribbed when dry, ribs thick, broad, strongly constricted below mouth; stomata immersed, mid capsule, 1/2 to completely covered by subsidiary cells, cells projecting horizontally over stomata, inner walls thickened; peristome double; prostome absent; exostome teeth 8, reflexed, finely and evenly papillose; endostome segments 8, well developed, of 1 or 2 rows of cells, smooth. Calyptra: oblong, smooth, naked or sparsely hairy, hairs smooth. Spores: 13–18 µm. Hardwood trunks in moist forests, with Orthotrichum ohioense in mesic, shaded stream edges. low to moderate elevations (10-1000 m). N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., Ark., Del., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va. Orthotrichum stellatum is distinguished by the strongly ribbed, strangulate capsules with well-developed endostomes of eight segments. In comparison, O. ohioense has weakly ribbed capsules that are not constricted below the mouth and an endostome that is lacking or rudimentary. From O. pumilum, the narrowly lanceolate leaves and small laminal cells with unevenly incrassate walls differentiate O. stellatum.
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