Irregular, multicellular brown or red-brown gemmae present on adaxial surface of the leaf costa or in soil, borne on rhizoids.
Vertical dolomite; Mo.; Mexico; West Indies (Cuba, Haiti); South America (Brazil); Europe; Asia (India).
The propaguliferous var. gemmiparum (R. H. Zander 1978b) has been found recently in Douglas County, Missouri (P. M. Eckel 2000) and should be looked for elsewhere in the flora area. In Mexico, it is known from eight states (R. H. Zander 1994e).